Page 49 - The davide court : บทบาทของศาลยุติธรรมกับความเป็นธรรมด้านเพศภาวะในการพิจารณาพิพากษาคดี

Davide Court : ∫∑∫“∑¢Õß»“≈¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡°—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡¥â“π‡æ»¿“«–„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“æ‘æ“°…“§¥’ 47

‡°≥±å ÿ¥∑⓬∑’Ë°≈à“«∂÷ß„π¬àÕÀπâ“°àÕπÀπâ“π’È ‰¥â∂Ÿ°π”¡“„™â‚¥¬ª√–∏“π»“≈Õ’°§√—Èß„π∫—π∑÷°§«“¡‡ÀÁπ
(ponencia) „𧥒 People of the Philippines vs. Invencion (G.R. No. 131636, March 5, 2003)

´÷Ë߇À¬◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°¢à¡¢◊π‚¥¬∫‘¥“¢Õßµπ‡Õ߇¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â 10 ªï »“≈Æ’°“‰¥âæ‘æ“°…“¬◊π „π à«π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√§âπÀ“
¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß„π»“≈™—Èπµâπ ·µàæ‘æ“°…“«à“ π“¬Õ‘π‡«π´‘¬—π (Invencion) µâÕß√—∫º‘¥‡æ’¬ß¢âÕÀ“¢à¡¢◊π∏√√¡¥“
·≈–≈¥‚∑…‡ªìπ°“√®”§ÿ°µ≈Õ¥™’«‘µ‚¥¬‰¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√Õ¿—¬‚∑… (reclusion perpetua) À≈—ß®“°æ∫¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß
«à“„∫√—∫√Õß·æ∑¬å∑’ˉ¥â· ¥ß‡æ◊ËÕæ‘ Ÿ®π姫“¡‡ªìπºŸâ‡¬“«å¢Õ߇¥Á°À≠‘߉¡à‡æ’¬ßæÕµ“¡·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘„π°“√æ‘ Ÿ®πå
Õ“¬ÿ„𧥒 People of the Philippines vs. Pruna »“≈Æ’°“‰¥â‡πâπ«à“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕß‚∑…
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ª√–À“√™’«‘µ °√–∫«π°“√∑”§”æ‘æ“°…“„𧥒Õÿ°©°√√®å (Capital Offences) §«√®–Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„µâ°Æ‡°≥±å
·≈–À≈—°∞“π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡∑’ˬߵ√ßÕ¬à“ß Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπ摇»… ·≈–°“√∑’˺Ÿâ∂Ÿ°°≈à“«À“π‘Ë߇ߒ¬∫„πª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ËÕßÕ“¬ÿ
¢Õ߇À¬◊ËÕ‰¡àÕ“®∂Ÿ°π”¡“„™â‡ªìπ‚∑…·°à‡¢“‰¥â

§«“¡¡’ “¬µ“¬“«‰°≈„𧫓¡‡ÀÁπ·¬âߢÕß∑à“π

„π∫√√¥“§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·¬âß·≈–§«“¡‡ÀÁπ à«πµ—«¢Õߪ√–∏“π»“≈Æ’°“¥“«‘‡¥ ¡’ à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ

‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·µà§«“¡¡’ “¬µ“¬“«‰°≈ ·µà√«¡∂÷ß°“√§”π÷ß∂÷ß¡‘µ‘∑“߇滿“«–¢Õß∑à“π ‰¥â·°à§¥’µàÕ‰ªπ’È People
of the Philippines vs. Genosa (G.R. No.13591, January 15, 2004) ·≈– People of the Philippines
vs.Salarza, Jr. (G.R. No. 117682, August 18, 1997) „𧥒 People of the Philippines vs. Genosa

»“≈Æ’°“‚¥¬ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“Õ“√凵¡‘‚Õ «’. æ“π°“π‘∫“𠉥âæ‘®“√≥“«à“°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√¿√√¬“∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∑ÿ∫µ’ (Battered
Wife Syndrome) «à“‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ≈¥‚∑… ´÷Ëß≈¥‚∑…‰¥â‡æ’¬ß Õß√–¥—∫ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ª√–∏“π»“≈Æ’°“¥“«‘‡¥
¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·µ°µà“ß ·¡â«à“®–‰¡à‰¥â‡¢’¬π‡ªì𧫓¡‡ÀÁπ à«πµ—«„π§”æ‘æ“°…“ ‡√“Õ“®§“¥‡¥“‰¥â«à“∑à“π‡ÀÁπ«à“
§«√¬°øÑÕß „π«—π∑’Ë 27 ¡’π“§¡ §.». 2004 °ÆÀ¡“¬ Republic Act No. 9262 ´÷ËßÕ“®‡√’¬°‰¥â«à“ °ÆÀ¡“¬
µàÕµâ“𧫓¡√ÿπ·√ßµàÕ µ√’·≈–∫ÿµ√ ªï §.». 2004 (The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their

Children Act of 2004) ¡’º≈∫—ߧ—∫„™â ¡“µ√“ 26 ·Ààß R.A. No. 9262 ‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“°≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√¿√√¬“∑’Ë∂Ÿ°
∑ÿ∫µ’∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ‡ÀµÿÕ—π§«√∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â‰¥â ·¡â«à“®–¢“¥Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß°“√ªÑÕß°—π°Áµ“¡

§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·¬âߢÕߪ√–∏“π»“≈Æ’°“´÷Ë߇¢’¬π√à«¡°—∫ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“ø≈Õ‡√π´å ¥’. ‡√°“≈“‚¥„πªï §.». 1997
„𧥒 People of the Philippines vs. Salarza, Jr. ¡’§«“¡‚¥¥‡¥àπ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’ˬ°¬àÕß„π°≈ÿà¡¢ÕߺŸâ π—∫ πÿπ
‘∑∏‘ µ√’ „𧥒π’È π—°· ¥ß∑“ß∑’«’·≈–‡«∑’À≠‘ß™“«Õ—ß°ƒ…‰¥â‰ªæ—°ºàÕπ∑’Ë™“¬À“¥·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß°—∫‡æ◊ËÕ𙓬
™“«øî≈‘ªªîπ å¢Õ߇∏Õ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ¢Õ߇¢“ ¢≥–∑’ˇ∏Õ°”≈—ßÕ¬Ÿà„π¿“«–§√÷ËßÀ≈—∫§√÷Ëßµ◊Ëπ °Á√Ÿâ ÷°«à“¡’„§√∫“ߧπ
∂Õ¥™ÿ¥™—Èπ„π¢Õ߇∏ÕÕÕ° ‡∏Õ‰¡à‰¥âÀâ“¡‡æ√“–§‘¥«à“‡ªìπ‡æ◊ËÕ𙓬 ·µà√–À«à“ß∑’Ë¡’°“√ —¡º— ∑“߇æ»π—Ëπ‡Õß

‡∏Õ‰¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß¢Õß™“¬·≈–√Ÿâ«à“‰¡à„™à‡æ◊ËÕ𙓬¢Õ߇∏Õ ‡∏Õ®÷ߺ≈—°‡¢“ÕÕ°‰ª √âÕ߉Àâ·≈–· ¥ßÕ“°“√§ÿ⡧≈—Ëß

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Republic Act No. 9346 ‰¥â¬°‡≈‘°‚∑…ª√–À“√™’«‘µ ≈ßπ“¡‚¥¬ª√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 24 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π §.». 2006