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µ√“ “√∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß UDHR ¢âÕ 9, ICCPR ¢âÕ 9 ¢âÕ 10 ·≈– Body
of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Forms of
Detention or Imprisonment
ARMED CONFLICT
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°—π√–À«à“ß√—∞ (International Armed Conflict) À√◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√ Ÿâ√∫
√–À«à“ß°≈ÿࡵ‘¥Õ“«ÿ∏¿“¬„πª√–‡∑» (Internal Armed Conflict À√◊Õ
Non-international Armed Conflict) ‡™àπ °≈ÿà¡°∫Ø °—∫∑À“√ΩÉ“¬√—∞∫“≈
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