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§”∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß§◊Õ DEROGATION ·µà°“√„™âÕ”π“®©ÿ°‡©‘πµâÕ߉¡à‡°‘π
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ENVIRONMENT, THE RIGHT TO
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æ.». 2535 (Rio Declaration 1992) „πÀ≈—°°“√¢âÕ 10 ¢Õߪؑ≠≠“√’‚Õ
(Principle 10 of Rio Declaration) ¡’À≈—°°“√ “¡ª√–°“√ (Three
Access Principles) ∑’Ë®– à߇ √‘¡„Àâª√–™“™π¡’ ‘∑∏‘¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
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