Page 69 - ศัพท์สิทธิมนุษยชน

DEROGABLE (HUMAN) RIGHTS
‘∑∏‘ (¡πÿ…¬™π) ∑’ËÕ“®∂Ÿ°√–ß—∫‰¥â™—Ë«§√“«

‘∑∏‘ (¡πÿ…¬™π) ∑’ËÕ“®∂Ÿ°√–ß—∫‰¥â™—Ë«§√“« §◊Õ ‘∑∏‘µà“ßÊ ∑’ËÕ“®∂Ÿ°
≈¥∑Õπ‚¥¬√—∞‰¥â„π‡«≈“∑’Ë√—∞ª√–°“» ∂“π°“√≥å©ÿ°‡©‘πÀ√◊Õ ∂“π°“√≥å
摇»… µ“¡∑’Ë π∏‘ —≠≠“ ‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π·µà≈–©∫—∫‰¥â°”Àπ¥‰«â µ—«Õ¬à“ß
‘∑∏‘∑’ËÕ“®≈¥∑Õπ‰¥â ‡™àπ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‰¡à∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡§ÿ¡¢—ß‚¥¬æ≈–°“√ ‘∑∏‘

„π°“√™ÿ¡πÿ¡ª√–∑â«ß ‘∑∏‘„π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ° ·≈– ‘∑∏‘„π°“√√«¡°≈ÿà¡ ¡“§¡
(¥Ÿ ICCPR ¢âÕ 4(1), European Convention on Human Rights
¢âÕ 15(1), Inter-American Convention on Human Rights ¢âÕ 27(1))

à«π ‘∑∏‘∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑√—∞‰¡àÕ“®≈¥∑Õπ‰¥â ·¡â„π ∂“π°“√≥å©ÿ°‡©‘π
À√◊Õ ∂“π°“√≥å摇»… ‡√’¬° ‘∑∏‘ª√–‡¿∑π’È«à“ ‘∑∏‘∑’ˉ¡àÕ“®≈¥∑Õπ À√◊Õ
√–ß—∫™—Ë«§√“«‰¥â (Non-Derogable Rights) À√◊Õ ‘∑∏‘ —¡∫Ÿ√≥å (Absolute
Rights) ‡™àπ ‘∑∏‘„π™’«‘µ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“§¥’Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∏√√¡

‘∑∏‘„𧫓¡‡™◊ËÕ·≈–π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‰¡à∂Ÿ°∑√¡“π (¥Ÿ ICCPR
¢âÕ 4(2), European Convention on Human Rights ¢âÕ 15(2),
Inter-American Convention on Human Rights ¢âÕ 27(2))

°“√≈¥∑Õπµà“ß°—∫°“√®”°—¥ ‘∑∏‘ (Limitation À√◊Õ Restriction)
´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√®”°—¥ À√◊Õ°“√°”Àπ¥¢Õ∫‡¢µ°“√„™â ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ¢Õß
∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë°√–∑”‰¥â·¡â‰¡à¡’ ∂“π°“√≥å©ÿ°‡©‘π (State of Emergency) À√◊Õ
∂“π°“√≥å摇»… (State of Exception) ‡™àπ °“√°”Àπ¥„À⇥Á°∑ÿ°§π

‡¢â“‡√’¬π„π°“√»÷°…“¿“§∫—ߧ—∫´÷Ëß∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷ËߢÕß°“√
·∑√°·´ß‡ √’¿“æ¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈ À√◊Õ°“√®”§ÿ° °—°¢—ߺŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬
Õ“≠“∑’ˇªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷ËߢÕß°“√®”°—¥Õ‘ √¿“æ¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈

62 »—æ∑å ‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π