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„π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√≈ßπ“¡¬àÕ·≈â«®–µâÕß
π”°≈—∫¡“„Àâ§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’„À⧫“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ°“√≈ßπ“¡‡µÁ¡

INSTRUMENT
µ√“ “√

µ√“ “√‡ªìπ§”∑’Ë„™â‡√’¬°‡Õ° “√∑’Ë®—¥∑”¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
¡’º≈„™â„π∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ °ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë„™â®√‘ß (Hard Law/ lex lata)

À√◊Õ °ÆÀ¡“¬∑’˧«√¡’ (Soft Law/ lex ferenda) Õ—π‡ªìπ°“√· ¥ß‡®µπ“
«à“√—∞®–„Àâ°“√§ÿ⡧√ÕßÀ√◊Õ‡§“√æ ‘∑∏‘‡ √’¿“æ À√◊ÕÀ≈—°°“√‡°’ˬ«°—∫
‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π À√◊Õ®–ª√—∫„™â§à“π‘¬¡ ·≈–·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑’Ë®—¥∑”¢÷Èπ
µ√“ “√∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√∑’Ë°àÕæ—π∏°√≥’∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬°—∫√—∞

‡™àπ µ√“ “√∑’ˇªìπ π∏‘ —≠≠“ µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ Õπÿ —≠≠“ (Convention) æ‘∏’ “√
(Protocol) ∏√√¡πŸ≠ (Statute)

µ√“ “√∫“ߪ√–‡¿∑‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√∑’Ë√«∫√«¡À≈—°°“√ §à“π‘¬¡ À√◊Õ
·π«ªØ‘∫—µ‘¢Õß√—∞ À√ ◊Õ‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√∑’ËÕ∏‘∫“¬ À√◊Õ‡ √‘¡À≈—°°“√µ“¡
µ√“ “√ª√–‡¿∑·√° ‡™àπ ªØ‘≠≠“ (Declaration) À≈—°°“√ (Principles)
°Æ (Rules)

µ√“ “√¡’À≈“¬√–¥—∫ √–¥—∫‚≈°´÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“ çµ√“ “√√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»é
(International Instrument) √–¥—∫∑«’ªÀ√◊Õ¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ ´÷Ë߇√’¬°«à“ çµ√“ “√
√–¥—∫¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§é (Regional Instrument) ‡™àπ Õπÿ —≠≠“¬ÿ‚√ª«à“¥â«¬
‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π·≈–‡ √’¿“梗Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π ·≈–√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑» ‡√’¬°«à“ çµ√“ “√
¿“¬„πé (Domestic Instrument) À√◊Õ µ√“ “√√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑» (National

Instrument) ‡™àπ √—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ À√◊Õæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘ ‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π
æ.». 2541 (Human Rights Act 1998) ¢Õß À√“™Õ“≥“®—°√ ·≈–
æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘§≥–°√√¡°“√ ‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π·Ààß™“µ‘ æ.». 2542 (§.». 1999)
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡ªìπµâπ

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