Page 99 - ศัพท์สิทธิมนุษยชน

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‡§“√æ ‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π ®—¥«à“‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’˧«√¡’ (Soft Law) ¬àÕ¡‡ªìπ
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GENEVA CONVENTIONS
ç∫√√¥“Õπÿ —≠≠“‡®π’«“é «à“¥â«¬¡πÿ…¬∏√√¡

ç∫√√¥“Õπÿ —≠≠“‡®π’«“é «à“¥â«¬¡πÿ…¬∏√√¡ (Geneva Conventions)
À¡“¬∂÷ß°ÆÀ¡“¬¡πÿ…¬∏√√¡ (Humanitarian Laws À√◊Õ ‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π
„π™à«ß‡«≈“∑’ˇ°‘¥°“√æ‘æ“∑¥â«¬Õ“«ÿ∏) ∑’ˉ¥â®—¥∑”¢÷Èπ¿“¬„µâ°“√Õ”π«¬°“√
¢Õߧ≥–°√√¡°“√°“™“¥ “°≈ (International Committee of Red

Cross À√◊Õ ICRC) „π §.». 1949 (æ.». 2492) ≥ π§√‡®π’«“ ª√–‡∑»
Àæ—π∏√—∞ «‘µ‡´Õ√å·≈π¥å ´÷Ë߇ªìπÕπÿ —≠≠“∑’Ë¡ÿàߧÿ⡧√ÕߺŸâª√– ∫¿—¬®“°
ߧ√“¡ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπæ≈√∫ (À√◊Õ‡™≈¬»÷°) À√◊Õæ≈‡√◊Õπ ∫“ß°√≥’§”«à“
çÕπÿ —≠≠“‡®π’«“é ®–√«¡∂÷ßæ‘∏’ “√‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡Õπÿ —≠≠“ (Additional
Protocol) ®”π«π Õß©∫—∫∑’Ë∑”¢÷Èπ„π §.». 1977 (æ.». 2520) ¥â«¬

·¡â«à“°àÕπ §.». 1949 (æ.». 2492) ‰¥â¡’°“√®—¥∑”Õπÿ —≠≠“‡®π’«“
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°Æ‡°≥±å„π°“√∑” ߧ√“¡ À√◊հƇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√æ‘æ“∑¥â«¬Õ“«ÿ∏

À≈“¬©∫—∫ ‡™àπ Õπÿ —≠≠“‡®π’«“„π §.». 1864 (æ.». 2407) ·≈–
§.». 1929 (æ.». 2472) „πªí®®ÿ∫—π§”«à“ çÕπÿ —≠≠“‡®π’«“ (Geneva
Conventions)é À¡“¬∂÷ß Õπÿ —≠≠“ ’Ë©∫—∫ (·≈–æ‘∏’ “√‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡) ∑’Ë∑”¢÷Èπ
„π §.». 1949 (æ.». 2492) ´÷Ë߇ªìπµ√“ “√À≈—°¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬¡πÿ…¬∏√√¡
√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»é

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