Page 30 - The davide court : บทบาทของศาลยุติธรรมกับความเป็นธรรมด้านเพศภาวะในการพิจารณาพิพากษาคดี

28 Davide Court : ∫∑∫“∑¢Õß»“≈¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡°—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡¥â“π‡æ»¿“«–„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“æ‘æ“°…“§¥’

¡“§“ª“°“≈ Õ“‚√‚¬ ®–¢÷Èπ¥”√ßµ”·Àπàߪ√–∏“π“∏‘∫¥’ ∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â« ∑à“π‡ªìπª√–∏“π»“≈§π·√°·≈–§π‡¥’¬«
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∑’Ë∂Ÿ°√âÕ߇√’¬π∂Õ¥∂Õπ„π ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√ ‚¥¬§≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√ ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√«à“¥â«¬°“√¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡
‰¥â —Ëß„À⬰§”√âÕß ‡æ√“–‡Àµÿ∑’ˉ¡à¡’¡Ÿ≈‡æ’¬ßæÕ ª√–¡“≥ÀⓇ¥◊ÕπµàÕ¡“ ‰¥â¡’°“√¬◊Ëπ§”√âÕߢÕ∂Õ¥∂Õπ
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ª√–∏“π»“≈Æ’°“§√—Èß∑’Ë Õß »“≈Æ’°“°Á¡’¡µ‘‡ªìπ‡Õ°©—π∑å„À⬰§”√âÕ߇™àπ°—π ‚¥¬¡’§” —Ëß«à“ ç‡ªìπ°“√¢—¥µàÕ
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ´÷Ë߉¥âÀâ“¡‡√‘Ë¡°√–∫«π°“√∂Õ¥∂Õπ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∞§π‡¥’¬«°—πÕ’°§√—Èß ¿“¬„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 1 ªïé 4

„π™à«ß∑’Ë∑à“π¥”√ßµ”·Àπàß »“≈Æ’°“‰¥â√—∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π«à“Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫µË” ®“°Õߧå°√‡Õ°™π

·≈–π—°Õπÿ√—°…å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§”æ‘æ“°…“„𧥒 La Bugal-Bûlaan Tribal Association, Inc. et al. vs.
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Victor O. Ramos et al. (G.R. No. 127882, December 1, 2004) ∑’Ë√—∫√Õßæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘°“√∑”‡À¡◊Õß
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πÕ°®“°π’È „π°“√ ”√«®¢Õß ∂“π’µ√«®Õ“°“» —ߧ¡ (Social Weather Station) π—°«‘™“™’æ°ÆÀ¡“¬
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬‰¥â¬Õ¡√—∫«à“°“√„Àâ ‘π∫π‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡ªìπª°µ‘„πΩÉ“¬µÿ≈“°“√

·¡â·µà„π‡√◊ËÕß ‘∑∏‘ µ√’ »“≈Æ’°“‰¡à‰¥â¡’°“√ √â“ß¡“µ√∞“π„π°“√«‘‡§√“–À委æ‘æ“°…“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫
‡æ»¿“«– ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„𧥒‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡√ÿπ·√ßµàÕ µ√’ (VAW) ®“°°“√∑’ˉ¡à¡’¡“µ√∞“π™—¥‡®π ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“
∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ∑”‰¥â‡æ’¬ß·µà≈Õ°‡≈’¬π·∫∫§”æ‘æ“°…“∑’˺à“π¡“ ´÷Ë߉¥â°≈à“«‰«â«à“ ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕßßà“¬∑’Ë®–¬◊Ëπ√âÕß∑ÿ°¢å
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§¥’¢à¡¢◊π ·µà‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕ߬“°∑’Ë®–æ‘ Ÿ®πå«à“¡’°“√¢à¡¢◊π „𧥒¢à¡¢◊π »“≈Æ’°“¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÀ≈—°°“√∑’Ë„™â
„π°“√¬◊π¬—𧫓¡πà“‡™◊ËÕ∂◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâ√âÕß∑ÿ°¢å„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë°≈—∫‰ª°≈—∫¡“ √«¡∑—Èß„π§¥’∑’˺Ÿâ√âÕß∑ÿ°¢å‡ªìπ≈Ÿ° “«
¢ÕߺŸâ∂Ÿ°°≈à“«À“ §”æ‘æ“°…“∑’ˇªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ®—°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ §”æ‘æ“°…“ªï §.». 2004 „𧥒 People of the
Philippines vs. Relox (G.R. No. 149395, April 28, 2004) ·¡â·µàª√–∏“π»“≈Æ’°“¥“«‘‡¥∑’Ë¡’Õ—µ√“ Ÿß

„π°“√µ—¥ ‘π≈ß‚∑…„𧥒¢à¡¢◊π °Á¬—ßµ°Õ¬Ÿà„π«—ß«π¢Õ߇ß◊ËÕπ‰¢∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ç‡∏Õ§«√®–é (she-should-have)
„π°“√√âÕß∑ÿ°¢å§¥’¢à¡¢◊π ∂÷ß·¡â«à“∑à“π®–¬Õ¡√—∫„𧥒À≈“¬Ê §¥’«à“ °“√§“¥À«—ß„Àâ‡À¬◊ËÕ„π§¥’¢à¡¢◊πµâÕß
· ¥ß°‘√‘¬“À√◊Õ¡’ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËßÕ¬à“ß„¥Ê ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’ˉ¡à∂Ÿ°µâÕß

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Francisco, Jr. et al. vs. The House of Representatives, et al., G.R. No. 160261, November 10, 2003.
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»“≈Æ’°“¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπ«à“ ¡“µ√“ 16 ·≈– 17 ·ÀàߢâÕ∫—ߧ—∫∑’Ë 5 ¢ÕߢâÕ∫—ߧ—∫«à“¥â«¬«‘∏’ ∫—≠≠—µ‘„π°√–∫«π°“√∂Õ¥∂Õπ
´÷Ë߉¥âºà“π°“√æ‘®“√≥“¢Õß ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√„π«—π∑’Ë 28 惻®‘°“¬π §.». 2001 ¢—¥µàÕ√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È

°“√¬◊Ëπ§”√âÕߢÕ∂Õπ∂Õπª√–∏“π»“≈Æ’°“¥“«‘‡¥ ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°¬◊Ëπ‚¥¬ ¡“™‘° ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√ °‘≈‡∫Õ√債 ´’. ∑’‚Õ‚¥‚√
®Ÿ‡π’¬√å ·≈– øï≈‘°´å «‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ∫’. øÿ‡Õπ‡µ‡∫≈≈“ ≥ ”π—°ß“π‡≈¢“∏‘°“√ ¿“ºŸâ·∑π√“…Æ√ „π«—π∑’Ë 23 µÿ≈“§¡
§.». 2003 ®÷߉¡àÕ“®∑”‰¥âµ“¡«√√§ 5 ¡“µ√“ 3 ·Ààß ¢âÕ 11 ¢Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ ‚¥¬∑’ˉ¥â¡’°“√¬◊Ëπ§”√âÕߢÕ∂Õπ∂Õ¥
§√—Èß·√°„π«—π∑’Ë 2 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π §.». 2003 ·≈â«
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‡æ‘ËßÕâ“ß ‡™‘ßÕ√√∂∑’Ë 2
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445 SCRA 1.
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Mangahas, Mahar et al., Monitoring the State of the Judiciary and the Legal Profession, April 2003.
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People of the Philippines vs. Tresballes, G.R. No. 126118, September 21, 1999; People of the
Philippines vs. Bernaldez, G.R. No. 109780, August 17 1988; People of the Philippines vs. Matrimonio,
215 SCRA 613 (1992); People of the Philippines vs. Lucas, 232 SCRA 537 (1994); People of the
Philippines vs. De Guzman, 265 SCRA 228 (1996).