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ë Shafran, Lynn Hecht and Norma J. Wickler, Gender Fairness in the Courts:
Action in the New Millennium „π‚§√ß°“√¢Õß National Judicial Education
Program (2001) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‚§√ß°“√¢Õß NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund
∑’Ë√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫ ¡“§¡ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“À≠‘ß·Ààß™“µ‘ (National Association of Women
Judges) 𔇠πÕ§Ÿà¡◊Õ¥â“π¬ÿ∑∏»“ µ√å∑’Ë¡’‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‡°’ˬ«°—∫Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠„π°“√∫√√≈ÿ

·≈–√–¡—¥√–«—ß„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡¥â“π‡æ»¿“«–„π»“≈ ·≈–‡ √‘¡ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â¡·¢Áß„Àâ°—∫
§≥–∑”ß“π¢®—¥Õ§µ‘∑“߇滿“«–·≈–°“√∑”ß“π¢Õߧ≥–°√√¡“∏‘°“√„À⇪ìπÀπ૬∑”ß“π
ªØ‘√Ÿª·≈–∫Ÿ√≥“°“√§«“¡Àà«ß„¬‡√◊ËÕߧ«“¡‡ªìπ∏√√¡¥â“π‡æ»¿“«–‡¢â“‰«â„π°“√«“ß·ºπß“π

·≈–°“√√‘‡√‘Ë¡ªØ‘√Ÿª»“≈
ë ·π«∑“ß ”À√—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ°≈“ß∑“߇滿“«–„πÀâÕßæ‘®“√≥“§¥’¢Õß»“≈®—¥∑”‚¥¬
»Ÿπ¬å‡æ◊ËÕ®√‘¬∏√√¡·≈–§«“¡‡ªìπ«‘™“™’æ·Ààß√—∞‡∑Á°´— À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (Guidelines for
Gender Neutral Courtroom Procedures, The Texas Center for Legal Ethics
and Professionalism, 2001) ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡√◊ËÕß°“√µ√–Àπ—°«à“¡’Õ§µ‘∑“߇滿“«–ª√“°Ø

„πÀâÕßæ‘®“√≥“§¥’Õ¬à“߉√∫â“ß ·≈–·π–π”«‘∏’°“√∑’Ë®–À≈’°‡≈’ˬßÕ§µ‘∑“߇滿“«–
√«¡∂÷ߧ«“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„π°“√¢®—¥Õ§µ‘∑“߇滿“«–„πÀâÕßæ‘®“√≥“§¥’†

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§¥’√–À«à“ß United States °—∫ Mast (C.D. California 1989) No. CR-88-0720-AAH-1
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Ryan v. Commûn on Judicial Performance (1988) 45 Cal.3d 518
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Gordon (1996) 13 Cal.4th 472

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