Page 14 - เพศวิถีในคำพิพากษา

6 √“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕ߇滫‘∂’„π§”æ‘æ“°…“

·¡â«à“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‡¡◊ËÕÕ∏‘∫“¬∂÷ß∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π∑’Ë„À⧫“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡·°à°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ◊Ëπ®–À¡“¬∂÷ß
√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‰¡à‰¥âÀ¡“¬§«“¡«à“√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥‡ ¡Õ‰ª ‡æ√“–°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
¢Õß√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠°ÁÕ“®µâÕ߉¥â√—∫§«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡¡“®“°∫√√∑—¥∞“πÕ◊Ë𠇙àπ À“°√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠∑’Ë„™â∫—ߧ—∫Õ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
¡“®“°°“√√à“ߢ÷Èπ‚¥¬√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫‡¥‘¡„ÀâÕ”π“®‰«â°Á¬àÕ¡∂◊Õ«à“√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫ªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â√—∫§«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡

¡“®“°√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫°àÕ𠇧≈‡´π‰¥âÕ∏‘∫“¬«à“∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π §◊Õ °“√°√–∑”‡™‘ß∫—ߧ—∫∑’Ë∂Ÿ° √â“ߢ÷Èπ
¿“¬„µâ‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢·≈–„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπ√—∞∏√√¡πŸ≠©∫—∫·√°„πª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å ∫√√∑—¥∞“πµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë∂Ÿ° √â“ߢ÷Èπ
µâÕß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π (The basic norm must be formulated as follows: Coercive acts
sought to be performed under the conditions and in the manner which the historically first
constitution and the norms created according to it prescribe) ˆ
∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π∂Ÿ° √â“ߢ÷Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß∫√√¥“°Æ‡°≥±åµà“ßÊ
°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∫√√∑—¥∞“π∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬®–‰¡à “¡“√∂‰ª‰¥âæâπ‡°‘π°«à“∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π ‡æ√“–©–π—Èπ®÷߇ªìπ
®ÿ¥µ—Èßµâπ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√𑵑∫—≠≠—µ‘ ·≈–∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π°Á‰¡à„™à ‘Ëß∑’Ë¥”√ßÕ¬ŸàÕ¬à“߇ªìππ‘√—π¥√
·µàÕ“®º—π·ª√‰ª‰¥âµ“¡¬ÿ§ ¡—¬ „π —ߧ¡∑’˪°§√Õß‚¥¬§≥–∫ÿ§§≈°ÁÕ“®‡ªî¥∑“ß„Àâ°—∫∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π„À¡à

∑’˵—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∫π√–∫∫°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë¡“®“°°“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—È߉¥â πÕ°®“°π’È¿“¬„µâ√–∫∫°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë¡’∫√√∑—¥∞“πµà“ßÊ Õ¬Ÿà¡“°¡“¬
°Á¡‘‰¥â‡ªìπ√–∫∫∑’Ë¡’§«“¡¢—¥·¬âß°—π·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ À“°‡ªìπ√–∫∫∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‡Õ°¿“æ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°∫√√∑—¥∞“πµà“ßÊ
‡¡◊ËÕ ◊∫‰ª∂÷ߧ«“¡™Õ∫∏√√¡¢Õß∑’Ë¡“·≈⫵à“ß°Á¡“®“°∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“πÕ—π‡¥’¬«°—π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È
√–∫∫°ÆÀ¡“¬®÷߉¡àÕ“®µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∫π∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π∑’Ë¢—¥·¬âß°—π
À“°æ‘®“√≥“∑ƒ…Æ’§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬®–æ∫«à“‡§≈‡´π‰¥â欓¬“¡ √â“ߧ”Õ∏‘∫“¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫
∂“π–¢Õß°“√‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬¥â«¬°“√„™â°√Õ∫‡√◊ËÕß∫√√∑—¥∞“π∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬¡“‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ
„π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕßÕ“»—¬§«“¡√ŸâÀ√◊Õ»“ µ√åÕ◊ËπÊ ·µàª√–°“√„¥ °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå°ÆÀ¡“¬®÷ß¡’»“ µ√å

¢Õßµπ‡Õß∑’Ë¡’§«“¡·πàπÕπ ™—¥‡®π ‰¡àº—π·ª√À√◊Õ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ªµ“¡Õ—µ«‘ —¬À√◊Õ§«“¡‡ÀÁπ¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈„¥
∑ƒ…Æ’§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ßµàÕ°“√∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë ◊∫∑Õ¥µàÕ¡“ √«¡∑—Èß
°“√∑”„Àâ°ÆÀ¡“¬°≈“¬‡ªìπ 结 µ√åé ª√–‡¿∑Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’√–‡∫’¬∫«‘∏’ °“√»÷°…“ §«“¡√Ÿâ ‡©°‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫»“ µ√åµà“ßÊ
„π‚≈°ªí®®ÿ∫—π
·π«§«“¡§‘¥‡√◊ËÕß∑ƒ…Æ’§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï·Ààß°ÆÀ¡“¬ (Pure Theory of Law) ¢Õß Œ—π å ‡§≈‡´π (Hans
Kelsen) ‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷ËߢÕß°“√ √â“ߧ”Õ∏‘∫“¬∑’Ë¡’µàÕ°ÆÀ¡“¬ ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¿“¬„πµ—«‡Õß ‚¥¬‡§≈‡´π
‰¥â‡ πÕ·π«∑“ß°“√æ‘®“√≥“«à“°Æ‡°≥±å„¥Ê ®–¡’ ∂“𖇪ìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à „Àâæ‘®“√≥“«à“°Æ‡°≥±å¥—ß°≈à“«
‰¥â∫—≠≠—µ‘¢÷Èπ‚¥¬¡’∫√√∑—¥∞“π (norm) ¢—Èπ Ÿß°«à“„ÀâÕ”π“®‰«âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ‡™àπ °“√ÕÕ°√–‡∫’¬∫¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ√—∞
°ÁµâÕßæ‘®“√≥“«à“¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬≈”¥—∫æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘„ÀâÕ”π“®‰«âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ∂â“√–‡∫’¬∫¥—ß°≈à“«ÕÕ°‚¥¬¡’æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘
„ÀâÕ”π“®‰«â°Á¬àÕ¡∂◊Õ«à“√–‡∫’¬∫π’È¡’ ∂“𖇪ìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‡ªìπµâπ °“√æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß ∂“𖧫“¡‡ªìπ°ÆÀ¡“¬

¢Õ߰Ƈ°≥±åµà“ßÊ ®÷ßæ‘®“√≥“‡æ’¬ß·µà«à“¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬≈”¥—∫ Ÿß°«à“„ÀâÕ”π“®‰«âÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ‰≈à‰ªµ“¡≈”¥—∫®π°√–∑—Ëß
˜
∂÷ß ‘Ëß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“∫√√∑—¥∞“π¢—Èπ¡Ÿ≈∞“π (Basic Norm) °“√æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ߧ«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬µ“¡∑ƒ…Æ’
§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï·Ààß°ÆÀ¡“¬ ®÷߇ªìπ»“ µ√å∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å„πµ—«‡Õß ¯

ˆ
Ibid., pp. Ú-ÚÒ
˜
Hans Kensen, Op. cit., p.Ú-ÚÒ.
¯
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ „πµ—«∑ƒ…Æ’§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï·Ààß°ÆÀ¡“¬°Á∂Ÿ°‚µâ·¬âß«à“∂÷ß∑’Ë ÿ¥°Á¬—ߧߵâÕ߇°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫»“ µ√å¥â“πÕ◊Ëπ Ê ∑”„Àâ
‰¡à¡’§«“¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϵ“¡∑’Ë°≈à“«Õâ“ß ¥Ÿ√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢âÕ‚µâ·¬âß„π ®√—≠ ‚¶…≥“π—π∑å, Õâ“ß·≈â«, Àπâ“ ˆ¯-˜Ò.