Page 183 - ศัพท์สิทธิมนุษยชน

3. ‡Õ° “√·π∫∑⓬Õπÿ —≠≠“ ´÷Ëß°”Àπ¥√–‡∫’¬∫ °Æ‡°≥±å∫“ßÕ¬à“ß
”À√—∫„™âªØ‘∫—µ‘ ‡™àπ Statute on Freedom of Transit ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ‡Õ° “√ºπ«°Õπÿ —≠≠“«à“¥â«¬‡ √’¿“æ„π°“√‡¥‘π∑“ߺà“π
·¥π∑’ˇ¡◊Õß∫“√凴‚≈π“ æ.». 2464 (Convention on Freedom
of Transit 1921)

SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS
‘∑∏‘∑’ˇªìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“

‘∑∏‘¡πÿ…¬™π∑’Ë‚¥¬≈—°…≥–¢Õß ‘∑∏‘‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ “√–·Ààߧ«“¡‡ªìπ
¡πÿ…¬å‡™àπ ‘∑∏‘„π™’«‘µ ‘∑∏‘„𧫓¡‡ªìπÕ‘ √¿“æ ‘∑∏‘„π°“√¡’Õ“À“√
‡§√◊ËÕßπÿàßÀà¡ ¬“√—°…“‚√§∑’ËæՇ撬ߴ÷Ë߇™◊ËÕ«à“‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å¡’Õ¬Ÿà„πµ—«
‚¥¬°”‡π‘¥Õ—π·µ°µà“ß®“° ‘∑∏‘∑’ˇªìπ°√–∫«π°“√ (¥Ÿ PROCEDURAL
RIGHTS) ‡™àπ °“√∑”„Àâ∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ß ‘∑∏‘„𧫓¡¡—Ëπ§ß„π™’«‘µ´÷Ë߇ªìπ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë
‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“π—Èπ ®–µâÕß¡’°√–∫«π°“√„π°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ß°“√¡’

‘∑∏‘À√◊Õ„™â ‘∑∏‘ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“‚¥¬»“≈∑’ˇ∑’ˬß∏√√¡ ®÷ß
‡ªìπ ‘∑∏‘∑’ˇªìπ°√–∫«π°“√„π°“√‡ √‘¡„Àâ∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ß ‘∑∏‘„𧫓¡¡—Ëπ§ß„π™’«‘µ

„π∫“ߧ«“¡‡ÀÁπ ‘∑∏‘∑’ˇªìπ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ §◊Õ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å¡’Õ¬Ÿà‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘
à«π ‘∑∏‘∑’ˇªìπ°√–∫«π°“√‡°‘¥®“°°“√∑’Ë√—∞√—∫√Õß À√◊Õ°”Àπ¥¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
∫ÿ§§≈∫√√≈ÿ∂÷ß°“√¡’ ‘∑∏‘

§”∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß PROCEDURAL RIGHTS

SUPERVENING IMPOSSIBILITY OF PERFORMANCE
°“√æâπ«‘ —¬„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ π∏‘ —≠≠“

°“√æâπ«‘ —¬„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ π∏‘ —≠≠“ À≈—ß®“°∑” π∏‘ —≠≠“‰ª
·≈â«À“°¡’‡Àµÿ°“√≥å¿“¬πÕ° Õ—π¡‘„™à§«“¡º‘¥¢Õß√—∞¿“§’„¥Ê ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ

‡Àµÿ„Àâ√—∞¿“§’„¥Õ¬Ÿà„π¿“«–∑’Ëæâπ«‘ —¬∑’Ë®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ π∏‘ —≠≠“‰¥â √—∞¿“§’
π—ÈπÊ Õ“®®–Õâ“߇Àµÿæâπ«‘ —¬¥—ß°≈à“«‡æ◊ËÕ¬°‡≈‘° π∏‘ —≠≠“ À√◊Õ∂Õπµ—«

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