Page 76 - The davide court : บทบาทของศาลยุติธรรมกับความเป็นธรรมด้านเพศภาวะในการพิจารณาพิพากษาคดี

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ª√–‡¡‘π¡‘µ‘∑“߇滿“«–‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ·πà„®«à“ª√–‡¥Áπ∑“߇滿“«–‰¥â√—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“Õ¬à“߇撬ßæÕ µ—«Õ¬à“ß
ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß ‰¥â·°à ‚§√ß°“√°“√ π—∫ πÿπ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√√‘‡√‘Ë¡ªØ‘√Ÿªµÿ≈“°“√ (The Judicial Reform Initiative
Support (JURIS) Project) ´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π®“°Õߧå°√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»·Ààߪ√–‡∑»
·§π“¥“ (The Canadian International Development Agency À√◊Õ CIDA)‰¥â‡√’¬°√âÕß„Àâ∫√√®ÿ
°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√µÕ∫ πÕ߇™‘ß¡‘µ‘∑“߇滿“«–‰«â„π·ºπ°“√»÷°…“¢Õß ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“µÿ≈“°“√·Ààߪ√–‡∑»

øî≈‘ªªîπ å (The Philippine Judicial Academy À√◊Õ PHILJA) Õ’°µ—«Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ë߉¥â·°à ‚§√ß°“√ π—∫ πÿπ
°“√ªØ‘√Ÿªµÿ≈“°“√ (The Judicial Reform Support Project À√◊Õ JRSP) ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ®“°∏𓧓√‚≈°
Àÿâπ à«π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“Õ’°À≈“¬·Ààß ‰¥â·°à ‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“·Ààß Àª√–™“™“µ‘ (UNDP) ∏𓧓√‡æ◊ËÕ°“√

æ—≤π“·Àà߇Շ™’¬ (ADB) Õߧå°√·Ààߪ√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» (USAID)
·≈– À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª (EU) ‰¥âª√–°“»æ—π∏– —≠≠“∑’Ë®–∫√√®ÿ„π‡√◊ËÕß GAD ·≈–∫Ÿ√≥“°“√‡æ»¿“«–‡¢â“‰ª
„π‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’ËÀπ૬ߓπ‡À≈à“π’È„Àâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ

„π™à«ß‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—ππ’ȇÕß »Ÿπ¬å µ√’»÷°…“·Ààß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬øî≈‘ªªîπ å (The University of the

Philippines Center for Womenûs Studies À√◊Õ UPCWS) √à«¡°—∫»Ÿπ¬å°ÆÀ¡“¬ (The Law Center)
¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡¥’¬«°—π ‰¥â¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§âπÀ“√Ÿª·∫∫ ª√“°Ø°“√≥å ·≈–¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢ÕßÕ§µ‘
∑“߇滿“«–„π√–∫∫»“≈ §≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬´÷Ë߉¥â∑∫∑«π«√√≥°√√¡∑—Èß„πª√–‡∑»·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ߧ√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡

‰¥â∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå‡Õ° “√∫“ßÕ¬à“ߢÕß»“≈ ·≈–∑∫∑«π¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫·≈–°√–∫«π«‘∏’æ‘®“√≥“§«“¡¢Õß»“≈
‡æ◊ËÕ§âπ«à“ ‘Ëßµà“ßÊ ‡À≈à“π’ȵÕ∫ πÕßµàÕ§«“¡®”‡ªìπ‚¥¬‡©æ“–·≈– ∂“π°“√≥åÕ—π‡≈«√⓬¢Õß µ√’·≈–‡¥Á°
Õ¬à“߉√

ß“π«‘®—¬¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â√—∫°“√µ’æ‘¡æ凪ìπÀπ—ß ◊Õ™◊ËÕ«à“ °“√§”π÷ß∂÷ß¡‘µ‘∑“߇滿“«–„π√–∫∫»“≈ (Gender

Sensitivity in the Court System) ´÷Ë߬◊π¬—π«à“ çÕ§µ‘∑“߇滿“«–π—Èπ°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑ÿ°Õ≥Ÿ¢Õß√–∫∫»“≈
„πÀ≈“¬ª√–‡∑» √«¡∑—Èߪ√–‡∑»øî≈‘ªªîπ å¥â«¬ (Feliciano and Sobritchea et al., 2002: 171-172)
·≈–ß“π«‘®—¬¬—ß¡’¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡ªìπ°“√‡©æ“–µàÕ»“≈Æ’°“‰«â¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ

„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠°—∫§«“¡‰¡à·πàπÕπ„π§”æ‘æ“°…“»“≈Æ’°“∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„𧥒¢à¡¢◊π
´÷Ëß®”‡ªìπµâÕß √â“ߧ«“¡™—¥‡®π·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√·°â‰¢
æ‘®“√≥“∑∫∑«πº≈¢Õߧ”æ‘æ“°…“„𧥒 People vs. Genosa (G.R. No. 135981, September
29, 2000) ∑’Ë»“≈‰¥â«‘π‘®©—¬«à“ °≈ÿà¡Õ“°“√¿√√¬“∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∑ÿ∫µ’‡ªìπ°√≥’‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫§«“¡«‘°≈®√‘µ

∫—≠≠—µ‘¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’°“√∫—ߧ—∫µ“¡∫∑∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“¥â«¬°“√§ÿ⡧√Õ߇À¬◊ËÕ°“√¢à¡¢◊π (rape shield)
·Ààß Republic Act No. 8505 Õ¬à“߇À¡“– ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ¡‘„À⺟âæ‘æ“°…“„™âæ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘œ ¥—ß°≈à“«
æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß∫ÿ§≈‘°≈—°…≥–¢ÕߺŸâ‡ ’¬À“¬„π∞“𖇪ìπ欓πÀ≈—°∞“π„𧥒¢à¡¢◊π ·≈–

∫—≠≠—µ‘¢âÕ∫—ߧ—∫‡æ◊ËÕ°“√∫—ߧ—∫µ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—µ‘«à“¥â«¬»“≈§√Õ∫§√—« §.». 1997 (The Family
Courts Act of 1997) ‡æ◊ËÕ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ¡’°√–∫«π«‘∏’æ‘®“√≥“§«“¡∑’˧”π÷ß∂÷ß¡‘µ‘∑“߇滿“«–„π»“≈
§√Õ∫§√—«‡À≈à“π’È