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Executive Summary

The research project Prevention and Solution to Human Trafficking Problems in Thailand and
Its Cooperation with Neighboring Countries in ASEAN has four objectives; (1) to study human
trafficking patterns in the labor migration, (2) to study problems and obstacles to enforce
related laws on human trafficking and the Anti-human Trafficking Act B.E. 2551 (2008), (3) to
find guidelines to make cooperation on preventing and combating human trafficking between
Thailand and neighboring countries which are Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, and
Malaysia and (4) to make recommendations at the policy level including measurement to
investigate human rights violations regarding human trafficking.
This research is a quantitative research which includes both primary and secondary sources.
The secondary sources are consisted of documents, conventions, and related international laws
and domestic laws. The primary source is the in-depth interview with representatives of
governmental organizations and civil society organizations in Thailand and its five
neighboring countries regarding their roles in helping victims of human trafficking, obstacles,
and limitations to combat human trafficking. Apart from the interview, the research also
explored 31 case studies to study the pattern of human trafficking and cooperation between
Thailand and its neighboring countries to combat and prevent human trafficking. The results
of the study are as followings;
(1) Forms of Human Trafficking

The study found that the immigration offices at the borders are efficient in terms of their work.
However, there are some people who cross the border to Thailand and do not return within the
time given. The situation can be interpreted that those people might involve with human
trafficking. There are also people who illegally cross the border through nature channels.

The study found that human trafficking occurs from economic, cultural and social factors of
the source countries. The economic factors include poverty and unemployment, while the
cultural and social factor is the social value that prefers high-income work with low skills.

Those who are part of the human trafficking network usually find victims within the same
villages or their own relatives. They then cooperate with middlemen in Thailand to find
customers that need “the service” and work as a network to bring the victims to meet the
customers. The locations are various and it can be restaurants, karaoke shops, or even houses.

The ways these people enter Thailand for the purpose of commercial sex are various. They can
enter (1) through middlemen and report to be their relatives (2) with a proper and legal travel
documents and enter Thailand through nature channels and (3) cross the border on a daily
basis (cross in the morning and return in the evening) for sexual service at hotels near the
borders.
Regarding the forced labor in factories and fishing industry; middlemen from Myanmar, Laos,
Cambodia, and Vietnam would recruit victims according to the demand of middleman from
Thailand. The middlemen include (1) those in the community that act like a temporary stop
area in which they would help with transporting the victims (2) those who help the victims to
cross the borders (3) the middlemen to transfer the victims to appointed locations according to
demand of customers (4) those who transport the victims to factories (5) those who negotiate
with government authorities (6) those that work on false documents (7) those who transport

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