Page 15 - รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์ โครงการวิจัยการป้องกันและแก้ไขปัญหาการค้ามนุษย์ของประเทศไทย และความร่วมมือกับประเทศเพื่อนบ้านในอาเซียน

the victims to receive medical care (8) those who handle loan (9) those who help with sending
money back home and (10) those who act as sub-contractors.

The victims often cross the border through the nature channel and being transported to the
city with the arranged vehicles such as van, car, truck, and a bus. They can also cross the
border by hiding in trucks that transport vegetables, fruits, and other items for sale.

Children who are forced to beg in Thailand are mostly from Cambodia in which the cause is
the economic factor. They usually arrive in Thailand by a train (Aranyaprathet – Bangkok)
under the control of middlemen in which the children will be transferred to agents in Bangkok.
The children will be forced to sell flowers or beg for money. The children stay together in a
sub-urban area of Bangkok and will be transported to various spots (4-5 children for each
spot). They are forced to beg from 6 am – 7 pm and will have to sell flowers later from 10 – 11
pm before going home. The children will be watched from distant by those who control them
when they work. Each child receives 2 meals a day and is usually threatened that they will be
killed if they escape. The children are required to make 3,000 baht a day and will be beaten if
they fail to reach the amount.

Regarding the Rohingya people, they are usually deceived by middlemen. Thailand is usually a
transit country for them, while the destination is Malaysia. The human trafficking network for
Rohingya people is very systematic from the origin to destination. They enter Thailand by
boats in which middlemen will receive them when they reach the shores. It is found that
violence is used against them and they will be murdered if they attempt to escape. The
trafficking in persons for Rohingya is a transnational organized crime that the network is very
efficient.

Regarding Thai people who are victims of human trafficking in foreign countries, the cause is
usually economic factors. The victims are usually deceived by middlemen who are their
relatives or acquaintances that working abroad will provide them high income. The receiving
countries are Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan because these countries do not
require visa. Middlemen will assist them from Thailand, while another group of middlemen
will receive them when they arrive. The victims are deceived that they will be working in
restaurants, hotels, or massage parlors but instead they will be forced to work as sex workers
in hotels or luxury condominium or apartments. Their passports will be seized, and the
working condition is horrible. They will have to work in order to pay debt to middlemen in
which they later learn that it is not possible way to pay back all the debt in which leads to an
escape.

(2) Problems, Obstacles, and Law Enforcement

The study found that Thailand has used both international and national law to solve the
human trafficking problems. The national laws and regulations are related to human
trafficking in Thailand are (1) The Immigration Act B.E. 2522 (1979) (2) The Prevention and
Suppression of Prostitution Act B.E. 2539 (1996) (3) Measures in the Prevention and
Suppression of Trafficking in Women and Children Act B.E. 2540 (1997) (4) The Penal Code
Amendment Act (No. 14) B.E. 2540 (1997) (5) The Criminal Procedure Code Amendment Act
(No. 20) B.E. 2542 (1999) (6) The Anti-Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542 (1999) (7)
Memorandum of Agreement on Guidelines for related organizations to work on women and
children victims B.E. 2542 (1999) (8) Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act B.E. 2551 (2008).

The problems in law enforcement on human trafficking occur during the victim screening
process. What happened is often that the authorities overlook the factors that make an
individual a victim of human trafficking but think that the situation occurs solely from the will

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