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Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country 7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest
policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources 7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits
Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant 7.5 Proportion of total water resources used
reduction in the rate of loss 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction
Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable 7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source
access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation 7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility
b
Target 7.D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives 7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums
of at least 100 million slum dwellers
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Target 8.A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non- Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately for the least
discriminatory trading and financial system developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked developing countries and
small island developing States.
Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty
reduction – both nationally and internationally Official development assistance (ODA)
8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of

OECD/DAC donors’ gross national income
Target 8.B: Address the special needs of the least developed countries 8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors

Includes: tariff and quota free access for the least developed countries' to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition,
safe water and sanitation)
exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC
countries (HIPC) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous
donors that is untied
ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction 8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their

gross national incomes
8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their
Target 8.C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and
gross national incomes
small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Market access
Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome
of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly) 8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding
arms) from developing countries and least developed countries,

admitted free of duty
8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products

and textiles and clothing from developing countries
Target 8.D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of
countries through national and international measures in order to make debt
sustainable in the long term their gross domestic product
8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity
Debt sustainability
8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points
and number that have reached their HIPC completion points
(cumulative)
8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI Initiatives
8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
Target 8.E: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to 8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a
affordable essential drugs in developing countries sustainable basis
Target 8.F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits 8.14 Fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants
of new technologies, especially information and communications 8.15 Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
8.16 Internet users per 100 inhabitants
The Millennium Development Goals and targets come from the Millennium Declaration, signed by 189 countries, including 147 heads of State and Government, in September
2000 (http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm) and from further agreement by member states at the 2005 World Summit (Resolution adopted by the General
Assembly - A/RES/60/1, http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/60/1). The goals and targets are interrelated and should be seen as a whole. They represent
a partnership between the developed countries and the developing countries “to create an environment – at the national and global levels alike – which is conducive to
development and the elimination of poverty”.

a For monitoring country poverty trends, indicators based on national poverty lines should be used, where available.
b The actual proportion of people living in slums is measured by a proxy, represented by the urban population living in households with at least one of the four
characteristics: (a) lack of access to improved water supply; (b) lack of access to improved sanitation; (c) overcrowding (3 or more persons per room); and (d) dwellings
made of non-durable material.