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that comprehensive and appropriate remedy and
assistance should be provided to affected persons
of all groups.
Freedom of expression, freedom of the
press and freedom of association
In 2022, prosecution relating to the exercise
of the freedom of expression and the enforcement
of the Digital Economy and Society Ministry’s new
decree on the suppression of the dissemination of
computer information might stimulate fear among
people in expressing opinions. For the exercise
of the freedom of the press, ethical standards of
journalists were yet to be formulated while there
were reports that some journalists were injured
during their coverage of the political demonstrations.
Regarding the freedom of association, the NHRCT
recommended that the bill on the operations of
non-profit organizations be revised. The Ministry
of Social Development and Human Security
(MSDHS) has conducted public hearings to modify
the bill, the result of which needs to be followed up.
The NHRCT urges the government to respect
the aforementioned freedoms in compliance with
the Constitution and the International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Human Rights Situation Relating to
3 Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Workers’ rights
In 2022, the government made efforts to
better protect labour rights, including providing
for protection of service contractors, raising maternity
leave, and adjusting the minimum wages. The
government prepared a bill on independent
labour protection and relaxed the procedures
001-234 V9 CS6.indd 15
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for obtaining legal immigration status and work
permits for migrant workers. However, there were
still challenges in promoting employment and
developing necessary skills for workers in the
post-COVID-19 pandemic and addressing unfair
dismissal or noncompliance with labour laws.
HIV testing as a prior requirement for employment
is the subject of many complaints to the NHRCT and
a problematic issue that needs to be taken
seriously. The proposal of the bill on the elimination
of discrimination against persons should thus be
expedited. Migrant workers are still denied of the
right to elect Social Security Committee members
and relevant regulations need to be amended.
Right to health
A significant situation of the right to health
in 2022 was the lack of a healthcare scheme for
migrant workers and many of their children.
In terms of mental health, the government increased
medical care channels for persons with mental
health problems with the use of technology to
provide counselling services. However, the success
rate of suicide has continuously risen every year,
with children and youth being among those at high
risks of suicide. Regarding the use of cannabis, there
were occasional reports of health effects potentially
caused by cannabis and problems of cannabis
use among children and youth. Although there
were several laws to protect public health, unclear
and incomprehensive enforcement mechanisms
resulted in inadequate and ineffective prevention
of the impact caused by the use of cannabis.
Right to education
In 2022, the government made efforts to
provide on-site teaching by providing vaccines for
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