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the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This penalty can only be
carried out pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court.
3. When deprivation of life constitutes the crime of genocide, it is understood that nothing in this
article shall authorize any State Party to the present Covenant to derogate in any way from any
obligation assumed under the provisions of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the
Crime of Genocide.
4. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence.
Amnesty, pardon or commutation of the sentence of death may be granted in all cases.
5. Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of
age and shall not be carried out on pregnant women.
6. Nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition of capital punishment by
any State Party to the present Covenant.
Article 7
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In
particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.
Article 8
1. No one shall be held in slavery; slavery and the slave-trade in all their forms shall be prohibited. 2.
No one shall be held in servitude.
3.
(a) No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour; (b) Paragraph 3 (a) shall not be
held to preclude, in countries where imprisonment with hard labour may be imposed as a punishment
for a crime, the performance of hard labour in pursuance of a sentence to such punishment by a
competent court;
(c) For the purpose of this paragraph the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include:
(i) Any work or service, not referred to in subparagraph (b), normally required of a person who is
under detention in consequence of a lawful order of a court, or of a person during conditional release
from such detention;
(ii) Any service of a military character and, in countries where conscientious objection is recognized,
any national service required by law of conscientious objectors;
(iii) Any service exacted in cases of emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the
community;
(iv) Any work or service which forms part of normal civil obligations.
Article 9
1. Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary
arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance
with such procedure as are established by law. 2. Anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the
time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him.
3. Anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge shall be brought promptly before a judge or other
officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable
time or to release. It shall not be the general rule that persons awaiting trial shall be detained in
