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1. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to submit in conformity with this part of the
Covenant reports on the measures which they have adopted and the progress made in achieving the
observance of the rights recognized herein.

2.

(a) All reports shall be submitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit
copies to the Economic and Social Council for consideration in accordance with the provisions of the
present Covenant;

(b) The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall also transmit to the specialized agencies copies
of the reports, or any relevant parts therefrom, from States Parties to the present Covenant which are
also members of these specialized agencies in so far as these reports, or parts therefrom, relate to any
matters which fall within the responsibilities of the said agencies in accordance with their constitutional
instruments.

Article 17

1. The States Parties to the present Covenant shall furnish their reports in stages, in accordance with a
programme to be established by the Economic and Social Council within one year of the entry into
force of the present Covenant after consultation with the States Parties and the specialized agencies
concerned.

2. Reports may indicate factors and difficulties affecting the degree of fulfilment of obligations under
the present Covenant.

3. Where relevant information has previously been furnished to the United Nations or to any
specialized agency by any State Party to the present Covenant, it will not be necessary to reproduce
that information, but a precise reference to the information so furnished will suffice.

Article 18

Pursuant to its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations in the field of human rights and
fundamental freedoms, the Economic and Social Council may make arrangements with the specialized
agencies in respect of their reporting to it on the progress made in achieving the observance of the
provisions of the present Covenant falling within the scope of their activities. These reports may
include particulars of decisions and recommendations on such implementation adopted by their
competent organs.

Article 19

The Economic and Social Council may transmit to the Commission on Human Rights for study and
general recommendation or, as appropriate, for information the reports concerning human rights
submitted by States in accordance with articles 16 and 17, and those concerning human rights
submitted by the specialized agencies in accordance with article 18.

Article 20

The States Parties to the present Covenant and the specialized agencies concerned may submit
comments to the Economic and Social Council on any general recommendation under article 19 or
reference to such general recommendation in any report of the Commission on Human Rights or any
documentation referred to therein.

Article 21

The Economic and Social Council may submit from time to time to the General Assembly reports with
recommendations of a general nature and a summary of the information received from the States
Parties to the present Covenant and the specialized agencies on the measures taken and the progress
made in achieving general observance of the rights recognized in the present Covenant.