Page 26 - ประมวลสรุปความรู้เกี่ยวกับพิธีสารอิสตันบูลและพิธีสารมินนิโซตา

ISTANBUL PROTOCOL

5. Official visits to places of detention ............................................................................ 78
6. Preparation for the interview .................................................................................... 79
7. Communication barriers .......................................................................................... 79
8. Building rapport ..................................................................................................... 79
9. Level of detail in the history ..................................................................................... 80
10. Techniques of questioning ....................................................................................... 80
11. Difficulty recalling and recounting ............................................................................. 81
12. Variability and inconsistencies in the history ................................................................ 81
13. Addressing variability and inconsistencies ................................................................... 83

C. Content of interviews ................................................................................................. 83
1. Introduction and identification .................................................................................. 84
2. Background/case information ................................................................................... 85
3. Psychosocial history before arrest .............................................................................. 85
4. Allegations of torture and ill-treatment ....................................................................... 85
5. Review of torture methods ....................................................................................... 87
6. Assessments of physical and psychological evidence ...................................................... 88
7. Closing and indications for referral ............................................................................ 88

D. Post-interview considerations ..................................................................................... 89
1. Interpretation of findings ......................................................................................... 89
2. Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................ 89
3. Self-infliction and simulation .................................................................................... 90
4. Reliability of clinical evidence and credibility .............................................................. 90
5. Limitations, misinterpretation or deliberate misuse of the Istanbul Protocol ..................... 91

V. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF TORTURE AND ILL‑TREATMENT .................................. 93

A. Medical history ......................................................................................................... 94
1. Acute symptoms .................................................................................................... 94
2. Chronic symptoms .................................................................................................. 95
3. Importance of medical history ................................................................................... 95

B. Physical examination ................................................................................................. 95
1. Skin ...................................................................................................................... 96
2. Face ...................................................................................................................... 96
3. Chest and abdomen ................................................................................................ 98
4. Musculoskeletal system ............................................................................................ 98
5. Genito-urinary system ............................................................................................. 98
6. Central and peripheral nervous systems ...................................................................... 98

C. Interpretation of findings ........................................................................................... 99
D. Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................. 100
E. Examination and evaluation following specific forms of torture ................................... 101
1. Beatings and other forms of blunt trauma ................................................................... 101
2. Beating of the feet ................................................................................................... 104
3. Suspension ............................................................................................................. 105
4. Other positional torture .......................................................................................... 106
5. Electric shock torture .............................................................................................. 106
6. Dental torture ........................................................................................................ 107
7. Asphyxiation ......................................................................................................... 107
8. Sexual torture, including rape .................................................................................. 107

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