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Article 8

1. Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others, to
have effective access, on a nondiscriminatory basis, to participation
in the government of his or her country and in the conduct of

public affairs.

2. This includes, inter alia, the right, individually and in association
with others, to submit to governmental bodies and agencies and
organizations concerned with public affairs criticism and proposals

for improving their functioning and to draw attention to any aspect
of their work that may hinder or impede the promotion, protection

and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Article 9

1. In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including
the promotion and protection of human rights as referred to in the
present Declaration, everyone has the right, individually and in

association with others, to benefit from an effective remedy and to be
protected in the event of the violation of those rights.

2. To this end, everyone whose rights or freedoms are allegedly
violated has the right, either in person or through legally authorized

representation, to complain to and have that complaint promptly
reviewed in a public hearing before an independent, impartial and

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