Page 8 - The davide court : บทบาทของศาลยุติธรรมกับความเป็นธรรมด้านเพศภาวะในการพิจารณาพิพากษาคดี

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∫“ߧ√—Èß À≈—°π‘µ‘√—∞°≈—∫ àߺ≈„π∑“ßµ√ߢⓡլà“ßπà“‡ ’¬¥“¬ ´÷ËßÕ“®‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕµ—«∫∑°ÆÀ¡“¬
∂Ÿ°π”‰ª„™â„π∑“ß∑’Ë àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥∑—»π§µ‘∑’Ë‚¥¬∞“π√“°·≈⫵—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∫𧫓¡Õ¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡ Õ—π‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ¡“®“°

§«“¡À¬‘Ëߺ¬Õß·≈–°“√‡≈◊Õ°ªØ‘∫—µ‘µàÕ µ√’ ºŸâ¬“°‰√â ·≈–∫ÿ§§≈™“¬¢Õ∫¢Õß —ߧ¡ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È ‡¡◊ËÕ»“≈Æ’°“‡Õß
‰¥â √â“ß¡“µ√°“√∑’ˇªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ·°â‰¢°“√„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬„π°√≥’∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫‡æ»¿“«–Õ—π∂Ÿ°§√Õ∫ß”¡“
‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“∂÷ߪ√–¡“≥Àâ“√âÕ¬ªï ®÷߇ªìπ°“√ √â“ß·√ß∫—π¥“≈„®„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ¢÷ÈπÕ’°§√—Èß

Àπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡π’È ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ°“√«‘®“√≥åº≈ß“π∑’Ë π—∫ πÿπª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ËÕ߇滿“«–·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ (Gender
and Development À√◊Õ GAD) ¢Õß√–∫∫»“≈¬ÿµ‘∏√√¡„π√–À«à“ß«“√–°“√¥”√ßµ”·ÀπàߢÕßÕ¥’µª√–∏“π
»“≈Æ’°“Œ‘≈“√‘‚Õ ®’. ¥“«‘‡¥ ®Ÿ‡π’¬√å (Former Chief Justice Hilario G. Davide, Jr.) Õ—π‰¥â·°à °“√¥”‡π‘π
π‚¬∫“¬·≈–·ºπß“πµà“ßÊ ¢Õß»“≈Æ’°“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫‡æ»¿“«– √«¡∂÷ߧ«“¡¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß·ºπß“πÕ∫√¡

‡√◊ËÕß°“√§”π÷ß∂÷ß¡‘µ‘∑“߇滿“«– πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¬—ß‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√—™≠“∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬‚¥¬»“≈Æ’°“
´÷Ëߧ√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡§¥’µà“ßÊ °«à“√âÕ¬§¥’∑’˵—¥ ‘π‚¥¬»“≈¥“«‘‡¥ „π™à«ß ªï §.». 1998 ∂÷ß 2005 „πª√–‡¥Áπ‡√◊ËÕß
°“√¢à¡¢◊π °“√∑“√ÿ≥°√√¡µàÕ µ√’‚¥¬ºŸâ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏åÕ—π„°≈♑¥ §«“¡√ÿπ·√ß„π§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–ª√–‡¥ÁπÕ◊ËπÊ

∑“߇滿“«– çÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡π’Ȭ—߉¥â·®°·®ß∫√√¥“À≈—°°“√æ◊Èπ∞“π∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë ”§—≠·≈– ¡¡ÿµ‘∞“π
à«π∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë»“≈Æ’°“π”¡“„™â„π°“√µ—¥ ‘𧥒µà“ßÊ · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√ª√—∫‡ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’˪√“°Ø
Õ¬Ÿà„π§”æ‘æ“°…“¥—ß°≈à“« ·≈–™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߪ√–‡¥Áπµà“ßÊ ∑’ËÕ“®µâÕߢբâÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°π—°∑ƒ…Æ’∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬
√«¡∑—Èßπ—°¡“πÿ…¬«‘∑¬“∑“ß —ߧ¡é

‡√“ “¡“√∂¡Õ߬âÕπ‰ª‰¥â∂÷ßªï §.». 1950 ∑’Ë»“≈Æ’°“‰¥â‡√’¬°√âÕß„Àâ¡’§«“¡≈–‡Õ’¬¥ÕàÕπ„π°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘
µàÕºŸâ√âÕß∑ÿ°¢å„𧥒¢à¡¢◊π „𧥒 People of the Philippines vs. Belandres and Manacop ‡¡◊ËÕºŸâæ‘æ“°…“
≈ŸÕ‘ æ’. ∑Õ‡√ (Justice Luis P. Torres) ‰¡à‡ÀÁπ¥â«¬°—∫°“√´—°§â“π欓πΩÉ“¬Õ—¬°“√Õ¬à“߉¡àª√“≥’ª√“»√—¬

Õ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß„πªï §.». 1988 „𧥒 People of the Philippines vs. Muñoz ´÷ËߺŸâæ‘æ“°…“Õ—∫√“Œ—¡ ‡Õø. ´“√å
¡‘‡Õπ‚µ (Justice Abraham F. Sarmiento) ‰¥â™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ºŸâ√âÕß∑ÿ°¢å„𧥒¢à¡¢◊πµâÕ߇º™‘≠°—∫§«“¡Àπ—°Àπ“
“À— √–À«à“ß∑’ˇ¢“„Àâ°“√Õ¬Ÿà„π§Õ°æ¬“π ·≈–ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“ø≈Õ‡√π´å ¥’. ‡√°“≈“‚¥ (Justice Florenz D.
Regalado) ‰¥âæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß°“√‡≈◊Õ°ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡æ√“–‡Àµÿ·Àà߇滿“«–Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π°“√‡¢’¬π§”æ‘æ“°…“„𧥒
Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Company vs. NLRC and De Guzman „π¢≥–∑’˺Ÿâæ‘æ“°…“

‡ø≈Õ√‘¥“ √Ÿ∏ æ’. ‚√‡¡‚√ (Justice Flerida Ruth P. Romero) ‰¥â√à«¡‡¢’¬π§”æ‘æ“°…“¢Õß»“≈Æ’°“∑’Ë· ¥ß
„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√µàÕ Ÿâ„π∞“π–∑’ˇªìπ µ√’‡æ’¬ßºŸâ‡¥’¬«∑’Ëπ”‡Õ“¡ÿ¡¡Õ߇™‘߇滿“«–‡¢â“¡“„™â„π°“√æ‘®“√≥“§¥’
≈—°…≥–¥—ß°≈à“« „π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“‡´´‘‡≈’¬ ¡Ÿ‚π´-æ“≈¡“ (Justice Cecilia Muñoz-Palma)

‰¥â°≈à“«‰«â„π§”æ‘æ“°…“§¥’ Cabaliw, et al. vs. Sadora, et al. ªï §.». 1975 ´÷Ë߬—ß¡’ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ µ√’
µ√“∫®π∑ÿ°«—ππ’È ‚¥¬°“√‡√’¬°√âÕß„Àâ µ√’‰¥â√—∫§à“Õÿª°“√–‡≈’ȬߥŸ®“°∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑’˵°≈ß√«¡°—π„π°“√ ¡√

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