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• Cyber bullying, with increased number of children abused either from the lack of media literacy
and abusive contents, the Government exercises some measures that might not suitable, without coverage

and not responding to current situations and challenges with wide access to internet countrywide;
• Situations of children on the move and children as family members of migrant workers, there are
some restrictions with accessibility to basic education and public health found, while for those accessible
to education are facing challenges with school adaptation. Some are even worsen with exposing to physical
and mental abuses, discrimination, sexual harassment and exploitation, narcotic drugs and human trafficking.

GROUPS OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS:
The United Nations General Assembly had adopted substantive matters described in the Declaration

on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect
Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (in 1998) or the so-called “Human
Rights Defenders Declaration”. These persons hoist their strong commitments to promote and strive
against all acts with the protection of and awareness on human rights and fundamental freedoms. The
NHRCT records some incidents as follows:

• Threats and abuses with lawsuits against public participation or Strategic Litigation Against Public Participa-
tion (SLAPP) with applying of defamation charges though advertisement and bringing in or uploading information into
computer system, these cause the specter with self-censorship for expression or delivery of opinions in all incidents;

• Enforced disappearance with less amount of cases litigated in the court of justice, including there are
many cases with allegation to offenders found without any penalization and undertaking of culture of impunity,
there is none of information and update given to family members and relatives of those forcibly disappeared.
• Limits of remedies to damages or injuries, as by the nature of law, there are only financial
help with legal aids provided.

Nevertheless, the draft Prevention and Suppression against Tortures and Enforced Disappearance,
B.E. …. has been proposed to the National Legislative Council, while the Government gives more focusing

on incidents of human rights defenders, reflecting from the review of human rights situation of Thailand
under the second Universal Periodic Review (UPR), the Cabinet adopts a resolution with pledges to any
proposals from any state parties with commitment for inscription of human rights defenders within the
draft National Human Rights Action Plan, No.4.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY:

Within the last decade, there are more actions with reconstruction of social mindsets and torelance on sexual
orientation and gender identity (SOGI), the NHRCT observes five main domains with incidents in Thailand as follows:

• In the matter of criminalization, there are some laws and policies found with provisions or interpretation
with misleading to discriminatory practices, e.g. the Gender Equality Act ,B.E. 2558 (2015) with loopholes or
exemption for discrimination on grounds of religious manifestation or national security causing derogation
of rights of any specific persons with identities or to protect public welfares and security;
• In the gist of stigmatization with stereotyping, some incidents showing the blanket prejudice

with sexual harassment and violence against persons with sexual orientations and gender identities or

รายงานผลการประเมินสถานการณ์ 35 ด้านสิทธิมนุษยชนของประเทศไทย ปี ๒๕๕๙