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to become a Party to the present Covenant. 2. The present Covenant is subject to ratification.
Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

3. The present Covenant shall be open to accession by any State referred to in paragraph 1 of this
article.

4. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Secretary-General
of the United Nations.

5. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States which have signed this Covenant
or acceded to it of the deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession.

Article 49

1. The present Covenant shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of
accession. 2. For each State ratifying the present Covenant or acceding to it after the deposit of the
thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or instrument of accession, the present Covenant shall enter into
force three months after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or instrument of
accession.

Article 50

The provisions of the present Covenant shall extend to all parts of federal States without any
limitations or exceptions.

Article 51

1. Any State Party to the present Covenant may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-
General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall thereupon
communicate any proposed amendments to the States Parties to the present Covenant with a request
that they notify him whether they favour a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering
and voting upon the proposals. In the event that at least one third of the States Parties favours such a
conference, the Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United
Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the
conference shall be submitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations for approval. 2.
Amendments shall come into force when they have been approved by the General Assembly of the
United Nations and accepted by a two-thirds majority of the States Parties to the present Covenant in
accordance with their respective constitutional processes. 3. When amendments come into force, they
shall be binding on those States Parties which have accepted them, other States Parties still being
bound by the provisions of the present Covenant and any earlier amendment which they have
accepted.

Article 52

1. Irrespective of the notifications made under article 48, paragraph 5, the Secretary-General of the
United Nations shall inform all States referred to in paragraph I of the same article of the following
particulars:

(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 48;

(b) The date of the entry into force of the present Covenant under article 49 and the date of the entry
into force of any amendments under article 51.

Article 53