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out detention places and cleanliness problem. Most police stations have

non-prescription drugs to treat detainees for minor illness. As a suspected

person is usually detained for a relatively short period, there has been no

case of serious illness among detainees.

35. As regards visits to prisons, it is found that most prisons are rather

crowded. Some of them are not in good physical condition and the

limitation of space does not allow for clear-cut separate areas between

under-trial detainees and convicted persons. Almost all of the prisons

visited are faced with insufficient budget and staff. The overcrowding

population of the prisons has affected the performing of duties of prison

officials, who have to take on more workload than usual and are exposed

to danger. The situation has also impacted on the effectiveness of prison

administration and rehabilitation of prisoners. All of the visited prisons

provide nutritious food to inmates but some of them do not have enough

clean water and face water shortage during dry season which affects the

hygiene of inmates. Most prisons do not have adequate medical personnel

or psychiatrists to provide counselling to prisoners. Some of them lack

full-time nurses and inmates with contagious diseases such as tuberculosis

and certain skin diseases are not put in separate wards due to limitation of

space.

36. Prison wardens may use force if inmates become disobedient. This can

lead to clashes and creates a possibility where inmates can be physically

harmed. Disciplinary punishments must be done in accordance with the

Corrections Act of B.E. 2479 (1936) and relevant ministerial regulations.

Such punishments range from probation and deprivation of benefits and