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suspect in an extremely hot or cold condition for a prolonged period,

interrogating a suspect for a long period without rest, intimidating or

putting psychological pressure on the suspect.

3) State officials accused of torture were often military and police

officers who exercised powers of arrest, detention and interrogation of

suspects arrested under special security laws. Torture usually occurred

during or after the arrest of a suspected person or in detention places

where detainees had no access to visits by their relatives or a legal

counsel. The regulations governing the performance of duties by security

authorities enforcing special security laws, such as those relating to search

and arrest of suspected individuals, may not be sufficient in preventing

torture.

4) The condition of some places of detention did not meet

international standards since the Martial Law Act B.E.2457 (1914) allows the

military to detain individuals in any places as deemed appropriate. Some

detention places under the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in

Emergency Situation, B.E.2548 (2005) were too small compared to the

number of detainees and there was no oversight system of such places

by an independent body.

5) Injured persons faced difficulties in getting access to the justice

system. An injured person usually had to submit a complaint to the agency

whose officials were accused of torture. Fearing threats and intimidation

from public officials, many torture victims chose not to submit complaints

or report torture cases to the authorities concerned.